nginx正向代理的配置和使用
作者:mmseoamin日期:2023-12-19

nginx正向代理的配置和使用

nginx正向代理的配置和使用

  • nginx正向代理的配置和使用
    • 安装包准备
      • 下载nginx安装包
      • 下载正向代理模块的包
      • 版本与模块对照表
      • 部署nginx服务
        • 上传nginx包和正向模块包
        • 解压,改名
        • 安装nginx
        • 配置正向代理
        • 创建nginx用户
        • 检查nginx配置并启动
        • nginx服务所在服务器验证正向代理功能
        • 配置不能访问外网的服务器(即内网服务器),使其可以访问外网
        • liunx服务器配置
          • 1.只配置使用yum时,能够使用正向代理访问外网
          • 2.只配置使用wget时,能够使用正向代理访问外网
          • 3.全局配置,所以访问请求都能够使用正向代理访问外网
          • windows服务器配置
          • 验证不能访问外网的服务器(即内网服务器),使用代理上网

            nginx正向代理http,nginx正向代理https

            • 正向代理,指的是通过代理服务器 代理浏览器/客户端去重定向请求访问到目标服务器 的一种代理服务。正向代理服务的特点是代理服务器 代理的对象是浏览器/客户端,也就是对于目标服务器 来说浏览器/客户端是隐藏的。

            • nginx默认支持正向代理http,不支持https

            • nginx官方并不支持直接转发https请求,nginx支持https需要ngx_http_proxy_connect_module模块。github上开源了模块 https://github.com/chobits/ngx_http_proxy_connect_module。不过维护的ngx_http_proxy_connect_module模块的补丁也是有nginx版本限制的,需根据自身使用的nginx版本选择相应的正向代理模块。可以在REDEME.md的Select patch中查看nginx版本和模块的对应关系

              安装包准备

              下载nginx安装包

              下载地址

              nginx正向代理的配置和使用,在这里插入图片描述,第1张

              下载正向代理模块的包

              下载地址

              nginx正向代理的配置和使用,在这里插入图片描述,第2张

              版本与模块对照表

              nginx正向代理的配置和使用,在这里插入图片描述,第3张

              部署nginx服务

              • 此处使用的是nginx-1.20.2,对应proxy_connect_rewrite_1018.patch

                上传nginx包和正向模块包

                mkdir /nginx
                cd /nginx
                [root@mysql nginx]# ll
                -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1062124 Feb 12 15:23 nginx-1.20.2.tar.gz
                -rw-r--r-- 1 root root   57926 Feb 12 15:23 ngx_http_proxy_connect_module-master.zip
                

                解压,改名

                tar -xf nginx.tar.gz
                unzip ngx_http_proxy_connect_module-master.zip
                ll
                drwxr-xr-x 9 1001 1001    4096 Feb 12 15:27 nginx-1.20.2
                -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1062124 Feb 12 15:23 nginx-1.20.2.tar.gz
                drwxr-xr-x 5 root root    4096 Feb  9 16:54 ngx_http_proxy_connect_module-master
                -rw-r--r-- 1 root root   57926 Feb 12 15:23 ngx_http_proxy_connect_module-master.zip
                mv ngx_http_proxy_connect_module-master ngx_http_proxy_connect_module
                ll
                drwxr-xr-x 9 1001 1001    4096 Feb 12 15:27 nginx-1.20.2
                -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1062124 Feb 12 15:23 nginx-1.20.2.tar.gz
                drwxr-xr-x 5 root root    4096 Feb  9 16:54 ngx_http_proxy_connect_module
                -rw-r--r-- 1 root root   57926 Feb 12 15:23 ngx_http_proxy_connect_module-master.zip
                

                安装nginx

                yum -y install make gcc openssl openssl-devel pcre-devel zlib zlib-devel
                cd nginx-1.20.2
                ll 
                drwxr-xr-x 6 1001 1001   4096 Feb 12 15:20 auto
                -rw-r--r-- 1 1001 1001 312251 Nov 16  2021 CHANGES
                -rw-r--r-- 1 1001 1001 476577 Nov 16  2021 CHANGES.ru
                drwxr-xr-x 2 1001 1001   4096 Feb 12 15:20 conf
                -rwxr-xr-x 1 1001 1001   2590 Nov 16  2021 configure
                drwxr-xr-x 4 1001 1001   4096 Feb 12 15:20 contrib
                drwxr-xr-x 2 1001 1001   4096 Feb 12 15:20 html
                -rw-r--r-- 1 1001 1001   1397 Nov 16  2021 LICENSE
                drwxr-xr-x 2 1001 1001   4096 Feb 12 15:20 man
                -rw-r--r-- 1 1001 1001     49 Nov 16  2021 README
                drwxr-xr-x 9 1001 1001   4096 Feb 12 15:20 src
                # 查看正向代理模块proxy_connect_rewrite_1018.patch的位置
                ll ../ngx_http_proxy_connect_module/patch/
                -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9849 Feb  9 16:54 proxy_connect_1014.patch
                -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9697 Feb  9 16:54 proxy_connect.patch
                -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9408 Feb  9 16:54 proxy_connect_rewrite_1014.patch
                -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9505 Feb  9 16:54 proxy_connect_rewrite_101504.patch
                -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9496 Feb  9 16:54 proxy_connect_rewrite_1015.patch
                -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9553 Feb  9 16:54 proxy_connect_rewrite_1018.patch
                -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9306 Feb  9 16:54 proxy_connect_rewrite_102101.patch
                -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9337 Feb  9 16:54 proxy_connect_rewrite.patch
                # 导入模块 后面为模块路径
                patch -p1 < /nginx/ngx_http_proxy_connect_module/patch/proxy_connect_rewrite_1018.patch
                # 编译
                ./configure --add-module=/nginx/ngx_http_proxy_connect_module
                # 安装,默认安装在/usr/local/nginx/
                make && make install
                # 查看nginx
                ll /usr/local/nginx/
                drwx------ 2 nobody root 4096 Feb 12 15:47 client_body_temp
                drwxr-xr-x 2 root   root 4096 Feb 12 15:46 conf
                drwx------ 2 nobody root 4096 Feb 12 15:47 fastcgi_temp
                drwxr-xr-x 2 root   root 4096 Feb 12 15:28 html
                drwxr-xr-x 2 root   root 4096 Feb 12 15:47 logs
                drwx------ 2 nobody root 4096 Feb 12 15:47 proxy_temp
                drwxr-xr-x 2 root   root 4096 Feb 12 15:33 sbin
                drwx------ 2 nobody root 4096 Feb 12 15:47 scgi_temp
                drwx------ 2 nobody root 4096 Feb 12 15:47 uwsgi_temp
                 
                

                配置正向代理

                cd /usr/local/nginx/
                #gzip  on;下添加
                vim conf/nginx.conf
                    #gzip  on;
                    #正向代理转发http请求
                    server {
                    #指定DNS服务器IP地址
                        resolver 114.114.114.114;
                    #监听80端口,http默认端口80
                        listen 80;
                    #服务器IP或域名
                            server_name  localhost;
                    #正向代理转发http请求
                    location / {
                        proxy_pass                 http://$host$request_uri;
                        proxy_set_header           HOST $host;
                        proxy_buffers              256 4k;
                        proxy_max_temp_file_size   0k;
                        proxy_connect_timeout      30;
                        proxy_send_timeout         60;
                        proxy_read_timeout         60;
                        proxy_next_upstream error  timeout invalid_header http_502;
                    }
                    }
                    #正向代理转发https请求
                    server {
                        #指定DNS服务器IP地址
                            resolver 114.114.114.114;
                        #监听443端口,https默认端口443
                        listen 443;
                        #正向代理转发https请求
                        proxy_connect;
                        proxy_connect_allow            443 563;
                        proxy_connect_connect_timeout  10s;
                        proxy_connect_read_timeout     10s;
                        proxy_connect_send_timeout     10s;
                     location / {
                             proxy_pass http://$host;
                             proxy_set_header Host $host;
                   }
                   }
                

                创建nginx用户

                • nginx服务以用户nginx身份启动
                  useradd nginx
                  

                  检查nginx配置并启动

                  sbin/nginx -t
                  sbin/nginx
                  
                  ss -utnlp | grep nginx
                  tcp    LISTEN     0      511       *:443                   *:*                   users:(("nginx",pid=6645,fd=7),("nginx",pid=6644,fd=7))
                  tcp    LISTEN     0      511       *:80                    *:*                   users:(("nginx",pid=6645,fd=6),("nginx",pid=6644,fd=6))
                  

                  nginx服务所在服务器验证正向代理功能

                   curl -I http://www.baidu.com/ -v -x 127.0.0.1:80
                   curl -I https://www.baidu.com/ -v -x 127.0.0.1:443
                  
                  curl -I http://www.baidu.com/ -v -x 127.0.0.1:80
                  * About to connect() to proxy 127.0.0.1 port 80 (#0)
                  *   Trying 127.0.0.1...
                  * Connected to 127.0.0.1 (127.0.0.1) port 80 (#0)
                  > HEAD http://www.baidu.com/ HTTP/1.1
                  > User-Agent: curl/7.29.0
                  > Host: www.baidu.com
                  > Accept: */*
                  > Proxy-Connection: Keep-Alive
                  >
                  < HTTP/1.1 200 OK
                  HTTP/1.1 200 OK
                  < Server: nginx/1.20.2
                  Server: nginx/1.20.2
                  < Date: Sun, 12 Feb 2023 09:03:40 GMT
                  Date: Sun, 12 Feb 2023 09:03:40 GMT
                  < Content-Type: text/html
                  Content-Type: text/html
                  < Content-Length: 277
                  Content-Length: 277
                  < Connection: keep-alive
                  Connection: keep-alive
                  < Accept-Ranges: bytes
                  Accept-Ranges: bytes
                  < Cache-Control: private, no-cache, no-store, proxy-revalidate, no-transform
                  Cache-Control: private, no-cache, no-store, proxy-revalidate, no-transform
                  < Etag: "575e1f60-115"
                  Etag: "575e1f60-115"
                  < Last-Modified: Mon, 13 Jun 2016 02:50:08 GMT
                  Last-Modified: Mon, 13 Jun 2016 02:50:08 GMT
                  < Pragma: no-cache
                  Pragma: no-cache
                  <
                  * Connection #0 to host 127.0.0.1 left intact
                  
                  curl -I https://www.baidu.com/ -v -x 127.0.0.1:443
                  * About to connect() to proxy 127.0.0.1 port 443 (#0)
                  *   Trying 127.0.0.1...
                  * Connected to 127.0.0.1 (127.0.0.1) port 443 (#0)
                  * Establish HTTP proxy tunnel to www.baidu.com:443
                  > CONNECT www.baidu.com:443 HTTP/1.1
                  > Host: www.baidu.com:443
                  > User-Agent: curl/7.29.0
                  > Proxy-Connection: Keep-Alive
                  >
                  < HTTP/1.1 200 Connection Established
                  HTTP/1.1 200 Connection Established
                  < Proxy-agent: nginx
                  Proxy-agent: nginx
                  <
                  * Proxy replied OK to CONNECT request
                  * Initializing NSS with certpath: sql:/etc/pki/nssdb
                  *   CAfile: /etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt
                    CApath: none
                  * SSL connection using TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256
                  * Server certificate:
                  *       subject: CN=baidu.com,O="Beijing Baidu Netcom Science Technology Co., Ltd",OU=service operation department,L=beijing,ST=beijing,C=CN
                  *       start date: Jul 05 05:16:02 2022 GMT
                  *       expire date: Aug 06 05:16:01 2023 GMT
                  *       common name: baidu.com
                  *       issuer: CN=GlobalSign RSA OV SSL CA 2018,O=GlobalSign nv-sa,C=BE
                  > HEAD / HTTP/1.1
                  > User-Agent: curl/7.29.0
                  > Host: www.baidu.com
                  > Accept: */*
                  >
                  < HTTP/1.1 200 OK
                  HTTP/1.1 200 OK
                  < Accept-Ranges: bytes
                  Accept-Ranges: bytes
                  < Cache-Control: private, no-cache, no-store, proxy-revalidate, no-transform
                  Cache-Control: private, no-cache, no-store, proxy-revalidate, no-transform
                  < Connection: keep-alive
                  Connection: keep-alive
                  < Content-Length: 277
                  Content-Length: 277
                  < Content-Type: text/html
                  Content-Type: text/html
                  < Date: Sun, 12 Feb 2023 09:03:40 GMT
                  Date: Sun, 12 Feb 2023 09:03:40 GMT
                  < Etag: "575e1f60-115"
                  Etag: "575e1f60-115"
                  < Last-Modified: Mon, 13 Jun 2016 02:50:08 GMT
                  Last-Modified: Mon, 13 Jun 2016 02:50:08 GMT
                  < Pragma: no-cache
                  Pragma: no-cache
                  < Server: bfe/1.0.8.18
                  Server: bfe/1.0.8.18
                  <
                  * Connection #0 to host 127.0.0.1 left intact
                  

                  配置不能访问外网的服务器(即内网服务器),使其可以访问外网

                  liunx服务器配置

                  1.只配置使用yum时,能够使用正向代理访问外网

                  #追加配置
                  vim /etc/yum.conf
                  proxy=http://192.168.0.20:80		#nginx正向代理服务器的地址
                  proxy=ftp://192.168.0.20:80			#nginx正向代理服务器的地址
                  

                  2.只配置使用wget时,能够使用正向代理访问外网

                  #追加配置
                  vim /etc/wgetrc
                  http_proxy=192.168.0.20:80     #nginx正向代理服务器的地址
                  http_proxy=192.168.0.20:443    #nginx正向代理服务器的地址
                  

                  3.全局配置,所以访问请求都能够使用正向代理访问外网

                  #追加配置
                  vim /etc/profile
                  http_proxy=192.168.0.20:80
                  https_proxy=192.168.0.20:443
                  ftp_proxy=192.168.0.20:443
                  export http_proxy
                  export https_proxy
                  export ftp_proxy
                  # 加载配置
                  source /etc/profile
                  

                  windows服务器配置

                  nginx正向代理的配置和使用,在这里插入图片描述,第4张

                  验证不能访问外网的服务器(即内网服务器),使用代理上网

                  curl -I http://www.baidu.com
                  curl -I https://www.baidu.com
                  
                  curl -I http://www.baidu.com
                  HTTP/1.1 200 OK
                  Server: nginx/1.20.2
                  Date: Sun, 12 Feb 2023 09:31:03 GMT
                  Content-Type: text/html
                  Content-Length: 277
                  Connection: keep-alive
                  Accept-Ranges: bytes
                  Cache-Control: private, no-cache, no-store, proxy-revalidate, no-transform
                  Etag: "575e1f60-115"
                  Last-Modified: Mon, 13 Jun 2016 02:50:08 GMT
                  Pragma: no-cache
                  
                  curl -I https://www.baidu.com
                  HTTP/1.1 200 Connection Established
                  Proxy-agent: nginx
                  HTTP/1.1 200 OK
                  Accept-Ranges: bytes
                  Cache-Control: private, no-cache, no-store, proxy-revalidate, no-transform
                  Connection: keep-alive
                  Content-Length: 277
                  Content-Type: text/html
                  Date: Sun, 12 Feb 2023 09:31:07 GMT
                  Etag: "575e1f60-115"
                  Last-Modified: Mon, 13 Jun 2016 02:50:08 GMT
                  Pragma: no-cache
                  Server: bfe/1.0.8.18