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python 爬虫代码
作者：mmseoamin日期：2023-12-14

一、代码

1、爬虫_urllib_基本使用

# 使用urllib来获取百度首页的源码
import urllib.request
# (1)定义一个url  就是你要访问的地址
url = 'http://www.baidu.com'
# (2)模拟浏览器向服务器发送请求 response响应
response = urllib.request.urlopen(url)
# （3）获取响应中的页面的源码  content 内容的意思
# read方法  返回的是字节形式的二进制数据
# 我们要将二进制的数据转换为字符串
# 二进制--》字符串  解码  decode('编码的格式')
content = response.read().decode('utf-8')
# （4）打印数据
print(content)

2、爬虫_urllib_1个类型和6个方法

import urllib.request
url = 'http://www.baidu.com'
# 模拟浏览器向服务器发送请求
response = urllib.request.urlopen(url)
# 一个类型和六个方法
# response是HTTPResponse的类型
# print(type(response))
# 按照一个字节一个字节的去读
# content = response.read()
# print(content)
# 返回多少个字节
# content = response.read(5)
# print(content)
# 读取一行
# content = response.readline()
# print(content)
# content = response.readlines()
# print(content)
# 返回状态码  如果是200了 那么就证明我们的逻辑没有错
# print(response.getcode())
# 返回的是url地址
# print(response.geturl())
# 获取是一个状态信息
print(response.getheaders())
# 一个类型 HTTPResponse
# 六个方法 read  readline  readlines  getcode geturl getheaders

3、爬虫_urllib_下载

import urllib.request
# 下载网页
# url_page = 'http://www.baidu.com'
# url代表的是下载的路径  filename文件的名字
# 在python中 可以变量的名字  也可以直接写值
# urllib.request.urlretrieve(url_page,'baidu.html')
# 下载图片
# url_img = 'https://img1.baidu.com/it/u=3004965690,4089234593&fm=26&fmt=auto&gp=0.jpg'
#
# urllib.request.urlretrieve(url= url_img,filename='lisa.jpg')
# 下载视频
url_video = 'https://vd3.bdstatic.com/mda-mhkku4ndaka5etk3/1080p/cae_h264/1629557146541497769/mda-mhkku4ndaka5etk3.mp4?v_from_s=hkapp-haokan-tucheng&auth_key=1629687514-0-0-7ed57ed7d1168bb1f06d18a4ea214300&bcevod_channel=searchbox_feed&pd=1&pt=3&abtest='
urllib.request.urlretrieve(url_video,'hxekyyds.mp4')

4、爬虫_urllib_请求对象的定制

import urllib.request
url = 'https://www.baidu.com'
# url的组成
# https://www.baidu.com/s?wd=周杰伦
# http/https    www.baidu.com   80/443     s      wd = 周杰伦     #
#    协议             主机        端口号     路径     参数           锚点
# http   80
# https  443
# mysql  3306
# oracle 1521
# redis  6379
# mongodb 27017
headers = {
    'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/92.0.4515.159 Safari/537.36'
}
# 因为urlopen方法中不能存储字典 所以headers不能传递进去
# 请求对象的定制
request = urllib.request.Request(url=url,headers=headers)
response = urllib.request.urlopen(request)
content = response.read().decode('utf8')
print(content)

5、爬虫_urllib_get请求的quote方法

# https://www.baidu.com/s?wd=%E5%91%A8%E6%9D%B0%E4%BC%A6
# 需求 获取 https://www.baidu.com/s?wd=周杰伦的网页源码
import urllib.request
import urllib.parse
url = 'https://www.baidu.com/s?wd='
# 请求对象的定制为了解决反爬的第一种手段
headers = {
    'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/92.0.4515.159 Safari/537.36'
}
# 将周杰伦三个字变成unicode编码的格式
# 我们需要依赖于urllib.parse
name = urllib.parse.quote('周杰伦')
url = url + name
# 请求对象的定制
request = urllib.request.Request(url=url,headers=headers)
# 模拟浏览器向服务器发送请求
response = urllib.request.urlopen(request)
# 获取响应的内容
content = response.read().decode('utf-8')
# 打印数据
print(content)

6、爬虫_urllib_get请求的urlencode方法

# urlencode应用场景：多个参数的时候
# https://www.baidu.com/s?wd=周杰伦&sex=男
# import urllib.parse
#
# data = {
#     'wd':'周杰伦',
#     'sex':'男',
#     'location':'中国台湾省'
# }
#
# a = urllib.parse.urlencode(data)
# print(a)
#获取https://www.baidu.com/s?wd=%E5%91%A8%E6%9D%B0%E4%BC%A6&sex=%E7%94%B7的网页源码
import urllib.request
import urllib.parse
base_url = 'https://www.baidu.com/s?'
data = {
    'wd':'周杰伦',
    'sex':'男',
    'location':'中国台湾省'
}
new_data = urllib.parse.urlencode(data)
# 请求资源路径
url = base_url + new_data
headers = {
    'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/92.0.4515.159 Safari/537.36'
}
# 请求对象的定制
request = urllib.request.Request(url=url,headers=headers)
# 模拟浏览器向服务器发送请求
response = urllib.request.urlopen(request)
# 获取网页源码的数据
content = response.read().decode('utf-8')
# 打印数据
print(content)

7、爬虫_urllib_post请求百度翻译

# post请求
import urllib.request
import urllib.parse
url = 'https://fanyi.baidu.com/sug'
headers = {
    'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/92.0.4515.159 Safari/537.36'
}
data = {
    'kw':'spider'
}
# post请求的参数 必须要进行编码
data = urllib.parse.urlencode(data).encode('utf-8')
# post的请求的参数 是不会拼接在url的后面的  而是需要放在请求对象定制的参数中
# post请求的参数 必须要进行编码
request = urllib.request.Request(url=url,data=data,headers=headers)
# 模拟浏览器向服务器发送请求
response = urllib.request.urlopen(request)
# 获取响应的数据
content = response.read().decode('utf-8')
# 字符串--》json对象
import json
obj = json.loads(content)
print(obj)
# post请求方式的参数 必须编码   data = urllib.parse.urlencode(data)
# 编码之后 必须调用encode方法 data = urllib.parse.urlencode(data).encode('utf-8')
# 参数是放在请求对象定制的方法中  request = urllib.request.Request(url=url,data=data,headers=headers)

8、爬虫_urllib_post请求百度翻译之详细翻译

import urllib.request
import urllib.parse
url = 'https://fanyi.baidu.com/v2transapi?from=en&to=zh'
headers = {
    # 'Accept': '*/*',
    # 'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate, br',
    # 'Accept-Language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.9',
    # 'Connection': 'keep-alive',
    # 'Content-Length': '135',
    # 'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8',
    'Cookie': 'BIDUPSID=DAA8F9F0BD801A2929D96D69CF7EBF50; PSTM=1597202227; BAIDUID=DAA8F9F0BD801A29B2813502000BF8E9:SL=0:NR=10:FG=1; __yjs_duid=1_c19765bd685fa6fa12c2853fc392f8db1618999058029; REALTIME_TRANS_SWITCH=1; FANYI_WORD_SWITCH=1; HISTORY_SWITCH=1; SOUND_SPD_SWITCH=1; SOUND_PREFER_SWITCH=1; BDUSS=R2bEZvTjFCNHQxdUV-cTZ-MzZrSGxhbUYwSkRkUWk2SkxxS3E2M2lqaFRLUlJoRVFBQUFBJCQAAAAAAAAAAAEAAAA3e~BTveK-9sHLZGF5AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAFOc7GBTnOxgaW; BDUSS_BFESS=R2bEZvTjFCNHQxdUV-cTZ-MzZrSGxhbUYwSkRkUWk2SkxxS3E2M2lqaFRLUlJoRVFBQUFBJCQAAAAAAAAAAAEAAAA3e~BTveK-9sHLZGF5AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAFOc7GBTnOxgaW; BDORZ=B490B5EBF6F3CD402E515D22BCDA1598; BAIDUID_BFESS=DAA8F9F0BD801A29B2813502000BF8E9:SL=0:NR=10:FG=1; BDRCVFR[feWj1Vr5u3D]=I67x6TjHwwYf0; PSINO=2; H_PS_PSSID=34435_31660_34405_34004_34073_34092_26350_34426_34323_22158_34390; delPer=1; BA_HECTOR=8185a12020018421b61gi6ka20q; BCLID=10943521300863382545; BDSFRCVID=boDOJexroG0YyvRHKn7hh7zlD_weG7bTDYLEOwXPsp3LGJLVJeC6EG0Pts1-dEu-EHtdogKK0mOTHv8F_2uxOjjg8UtVJeC6EG0Ptf8g0M5; H_BDCLCKID_SF=tR3aQ5rtKRTffjrnhPF3-44vXP6-hnjy3bRkX4Q4Wpv_Mnndjn6SQh4Wbttf5q3RymJ42-39LPO2hpRjyxv4y4Ldj4oxJpOJ-bCL0p5aHl51fbbvbURvD-ug3-7qqU5dtjTO2bc_5KnlfMQ_bf--QfbQ0hOhqP-jBRIE3-oJqC8hMIt43f; BCLID_BFESS=10943521300863382545; BDSFRCVID_BFESS=boDOJexroG0YyvRHKn7hh7zlD_weG7bTDYLEOwXPsp3LGJLVJeC6EG0Pts1-dEu-EHtdogKK0mOTHv8F_2uxOjjg8UtVJeC6EG0Ptf8g0M5; H_BDCLCKID_SF_BFESS=tR3aQ5rtKRTffjrnhPF3-44vXP6-hnjy3bRkX4Q4Wpv_Mnndjn6SQh4Wbttf5q3RymJ42-39LPO2hpRjyxv4y4Ldj4oxJpOJ-bCL0p5aHl51fbbvbURvD-ug3-7qqU5dtjTO2bc_5KnlfMQ_bf--QfbQ0hOhqP-jBRIE3-oJqC8hMIt43f; Hm_lvt_64ecd82404c51e03dc91cb9e8c025574=1629701482,1629702031,1629702343,1629704515; Hm_lpvt_64ecd82404c51e03dc91cb9e8c025574=1629704515; __yjs_st=2_MDBkZDdkNzg4YzYyZGU2NTM5NzBjZmQ0OTZiMWRmZGUxM2QwYzkwZTc2NTZmMmIxNDJkYzk4NzU1ZDUzN2U3Yjc4ZTJmYjE1YTUzMTljYWFkMWUwYmVmZGEzNmZjN2FlY2M3NDAzOThhZTY5NzI0MjVkMmQ0NWU3MWE1YTJmNGE5NDBhYjVlOWY3MTFiMWNjYTVhYWI0YThlMDVjODBkNWU2NjMwMzY2MjFhZDNkMzVhNGMzMGZkMWY2NjU5YzkxMDk3NTEzODJiZWUyMjEyYTk5YzY4ODUyYzNjZTJjMGM5MzhhMWE5YjU3NTM3NWZiOWQxNmU3MDVkODExYzFjN183XzliY2RhYjgz; ab_sr=1.0.1_ZTc2ZDFkMTU5ZTM0ZTM4MWVlNDU2MGEzYTM4MzZiY2I2MDIxNzY1Nzc1OWZjZGNiZWRhYjU5ZjYwZmNjMTE2ZjIzNmQxMTdiMzIzYTgzZjVjMTY0ZjM1YjMwZTdjMjhiNDRmN2QzMjMwNWRhZmUxYTJjZjZhNTViMGM2ODFlYjE5YTlmMWRjZDAwZGFmMDY4ZTFlNGJiZjU5YzE1MGIxN2FiYTU3NDgzZmI4MDdhMDM5NTQ0MjQxNDBiNzdhMDdl',
    # 'Host': 'fanyi.baidu.com',
    # 'Origin': 'https://fanyi.baidu.com',
    # 'Referer': 'https://fanyi.baidu.com/?aldtype=16047',
    # 'sec-ch-ua': '"Chromium";v="92", " Not A;Brand";v="99", "Google Chrome";v="92"',
    # 'sec-ch-ua-mobile': '?0',
    # 'Sec-Fetch-Dest': 'empty',
    # 'Sec-Fetch-Mode': 'cors',
    # 'Sec-Fetch-Site': 'same-origin',
    # 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/92.0.4515.159 Safari/537.36',
    # 'X-Requested-With': 'XMLHttpRequest',
}
data = {
    'from': 'en',
    'to': 'zh',
    'query': 'love',
    'transtype': 'realtime',
    'simple_means_flag': '3',
    'sign': '198772.518981',
    'token': '......',
    'domain': 'common',
}
# post请求的参数  必须进行编码 并且要调用encode方法
data = urllib.parse.urlencode(data).encode('utf-8')
# 请求对象的定制
request = urllib.request.Request(url = url,data = data,headers = headers)
# 模拟浏览器向服务器发送请求
response = urllib.request.urlopen(request)
# 获取响应的数据
content = response.read().decode('utf-8')
import json
obj = json.loads(content)
print(obj)

9、爬虫_urllib_ajax的get请求豆瓣电影第一页

# get请求
# 获取豆瓣电影的第一页的数据 并且保存起来
import urllib.request
url = 'https://movie.douban.com/j/chart/top_list?type=5&interval_id=100%3A90&action=&start=0&limit=20'
headers = {
    'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/92.0.4515.159 Safari/537.36'
}
# (1) 请求对象的定制
request = urllib.request.Request(url=url,headers=headers)
# （2）获取响应的数据
response = urllib.request.urlopen(request)
content = response.read().decode('utf-8')
# (3) 数据下载到本地
# open方法默认情况下使用的是gbk的编码  如果我们要想保存汉字 那么需要在open方法中指定编码格式为utf-8
# encoding = 'utf-8'
# fp = open('douban.json','w',encoding='utf-8')
# fp.write(content)
with open('douban1.json','w',encoding='utf-8') as fp:
    fp.write(content)

10、爬虫_urllib_ajax的get请求豆瓣电影前10页

# https://movie.douban.com/j/chart/top_list?type=5&interval_id=100%3A90&action=&
# start=0&limit=20
# https://movie.douban.com/j/chart/top_list?type=5&interval_id=100%3A90&action=&
# start=20&limit=20
# https://movie.douban.com/j/chart/top_list?type=5&interval_id=100%3A90&action=&
# start=40&limit=20
# https://movie.douban.com/j/chart/top_list?type=5&interval_id=100%3A90&action=&
# start=60&limit=20
# page    1  2   3   4
# start   0  20  40  60
# start （page - 1）*20
# 下载豆瓣电影前10页的数据
# （1） 请求对象的定制
# （2） 获取响应的数据
# （3） 下载数据
import urllib.parse
import urllib.request
def create_request(page):
    base_url = 'https://movie.douban.com/j/chart/top_list?type=5&interval_id=100%3A90&action=&'
    data = {
        'start':(page - 1) * 20,
        'limit':20
    }
    data = urllib.parse.urlencode(data)
    url = base_url + data
    headers = {
        'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/92.0.4515.159 Safari/537.36'
    }
    request = urllib.request.Request(url=url,headers=headers)
    return request
def get_content(request):
    response = urllib.request.urlopen(request)
    content = response.read().decode('utf-8')
    return content
def down_load(page,content):
    with open('douban_' + str(page) + '.json','w',encoding='utf-8')as fp:
        fp.write(content)

# 程序的入口
if __name__ == '__main__':
    start_page = int(input('请输入起始的页码'))
    end_page = int(input('请输入结束的页面'))
    for page in range(start_page,end_page+1):
#         每一页都有自己的请求对象的定制
        request = create_request(page)
#         获取响应的数据
        content = get_content(request)
#         下载
        down_load(page,content)

11、爬虫_urllib_ajax的post请求肯德基官网

# 1页
# http://www.kfc.com.cn/kfccda/ashx/GetStoreList.ashx?op=cname
# post
# cname: 北京
# pid:
# pageIndex: 1
# pageSize: 10
# 2页
# http://www.kfc.com.cn/kfccda/ashx/GetStoreList.ashx?op=cname
# post
# cname: 北京
# pid:
# pageIndex: 2
# pageSize: 10
import urllib.request
import urllib.parse
def create_request(page):
    base_url = 'http://www.kfc.com.cn/kfccda/ashx/GetStoreList.ashx?op=cname'
    data = {
        'cname': '北京',
        'pid':'',
        'pageIndex': page,
        'pageSize': '10'
    }
    data = urllib.parse.urlencode(data).encode('utf-8')
    headers = {
        'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/92.0.4515.159 Safari/537.36'
    }
    request = urllib.request.Request(url=base_url,headers=headers,data=data)
    return request
def get_content(request):
    response = urllib.request.urlopen(request)
    content = response.read().decode('utf-8')
    return content
def down_load(page,content):
    with open('kfc_' + str(page) + '.json','w',encoding='utf-8')as fp:
        fp.write(content)
if __name__ == '__main__':
    start_page = int(input('请输入起始页码'))
    end_page = int(input('请输入结束页码'))
    for page in range(start_page,end_page+1):
        # 请求对象的定制
        request = create_request(page)
        # 获取网页源码
        content = get_content(request)
        # 下载
        down_load(page,content)

12、爬虫_urllib_异常

import urllib.request
import urllib.error
# url = 'https://blog.csdn.net/sulixu/article/details/1198189491'
url = 'http://www.doudan1111.com'
headers = {
    'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/92.0.4515.159 Safari/537.36'
}
try:
    request = urllib.request.Request(url = url, headers = headers)
    response = urllib.request.urlopen(request)
    content = response.read().decode('utf-8')
    print(content)
except urllib.error.HTTPError:
    print('系统正在升级。。。')
except urllib.error.URLError:
    print('我都说了 系统正在升级。。。')

13、爬虫_urllib_微博的cookie登陆

# 适用的场景：数据采集的时候 需要绕过登陆 然后进入到某个页面
# 个人信息页面是utf-8  但是还报错了编码错误  因为并没有进入到个人信息页面 而是跳转到了登陆页面
# 那么登陆页面不是utf-8  所以报错
# 什么情况下访问不成功？
# 因为请求头的信息不够  所以访问不成功
import urllib.request
url = 'https://weibo.cn/6451491586/info'
headers = {
# ':authority': 'weibo.cn',
# ':method': 'GET',
# ':path': '/6451491586/info',
# ':scheme': 'https',
'accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.9',
# 'accept-encoding': 'gzip, deflate, br',
'accept-language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.9',
'cache-control': 'max-age=0',
#     cookie中携带着你的登陆信息   如果有登陆之后的cookie  那么我们就可以携带着cookie进入到任何页面
'cookie': '_T_WM=24c44910ba98d188fced94ba0da5960e; SUBP=0033WrSXqPxfM725Ws9jqgMF55529P9D9WFxxfgNNUmXi4YiaYZKr_J_5NHD95QcSh-pSh.pSKncWs4DqcjiqgSXIgvVPcpD; SUB=_2A25MKKG_DeRhGeBK7lMV-S_JwzqIHXVv0s_3rDV6PUJbktCOLXL2kW1NR6e0UHkCGcyvxTYyKB2OV9aloJJ7mUNz; SSOLoginState=1630327279',
# referer  判断当前路径是不是由上一个路径进来的    一般情况下 是做图片防盗链
'referer': 'https://weibo.cn/',
'sec-ch-ua': '"Chromium";v="92", " Not A;Brand";v="99", "Google Chrome";v="92"',
'sec-ch-ua-mobile': '?0',
'sec-fetch-dest': 'document',
'sec-fetch-mode': 'navigate',
'sec-fetch-site': 'same-origin',
'sec-fetch-user': '?1',
'upgrade-insecure-requests': '1',
'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/92.0.4515.159 Safari/537.36',
}
# 请求对象的定制
request = urllib.request.Request(url=url,headers=headers)
# 模拟浏览器向服务器发送请求
response = urllib.request.urlopen(request)
# 获取响应的数据
content = response.read().decode('utf-8')
# 将数据保存到本地
with open('weibo.html','w',encoding='utf-8')as fp:
    fp.write(content)

14、爬虫_urllib_handler处理器的基本使用

# 需求 使用handler来访问百度  获取网页源码
import urllib.request
url = 'http://www.baidu.com'
headers = {
    'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/92.0.4515.159 Safari/537.36'
}
request = urllib.request.Request(url = url,headers = headers)
# handler   build_opener  open
# （1）获取hanlder对象
handler = urllib.request.HTTPHandler()
# （2）获取opener对象
opener = urllib.request.build_opener(handler)
# (3) 调用open方法
response = opener.open(request)
content = response.read().decode('utf-8')
print(content)

15、爬虫_urllib_代理

import urllib.request
url = 'http://www.baidu.com/s?wd=ip'
headers = {
    'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/92.0.4515.159 Safari/537.36'
}
# 请求对象的定制
request = urllib.request.Request(url = url,headers= headers)
# 模拟浏览器访问服务器
# response = urllib.request.urlopen(request)
proxies = {
    'http':'118.24.219.151:16817'
}
# handler  build_opener  open
handler = urllib.request.ProxyHandler(proxies = proxies)
opener = urllib.request.build_opener(handler)
response = opener.open(request)
# 获取响应的信息
content = response.read().decode('utf-8')
# 保存
with open('daili.html','w',encoding='utf-8')as fp:
    fp.write(content)

16、爬虫_urllib_代理池

import urllib.request
proxies_pool = [
    {'http':'118.24.219.151:16817'},
    {'http':'118.24.219.151:16817'},
]
import random
proxies = random.choice(proxies_pool)
url = 'http://www.baidu.com/s?wd=ip'
headers = {
    'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/92.0.4515.159 Safari/537.36'
}
request = urllib.request.Request(url = url,headers=headers)
handler = urllib.request.ProxyHandler(proxies=proxies)
opener = urllib.request.build_opener(handler)
response = opener.open(request)
content = response.read().decode('utf-8')
with open('daili.html','w',encoding='utf-8')as fp:
    fp.write(content)

17、爬虫_解析_xpath的基本使用




    
    Title


    
    
        
  • 北京
    • 
        
  • 上海
    • 
        
  • 深圳
    • 
        
  • 武汉
    •

18、爬虫_解析_xpath的基本使用

from lxml import etree
# xpath解析
# （1）本地文件 etree.parse
# （2）服务器响应的数据  response.read().decode('utf-8') *****   etree.HTML()
# xpath解析本地文件
tree = etree.parse('爬虫_解析_xpath的基本使用.html')
#tree.xpath('xpath路径')
# 查找ul下面的li
# li_list = tree.xpath('//body/ul/li')
# 查找所有有id的属性的li标签
# text()获取标签中的内容
# li_list = tree.xpath('//ul/li[@id]/text()')
# 找到id为l1的li标签  注意引号的问题
# li_list = tree.xpath('//ul/li[@id="l1"]/text()')
# 查找到id为l1的li标签的class的属性值
# li = tree.xpath('//ul/li[@id="l1"]/@class')
# 查询id中包含l的li标签
# li_list = tree.xpath('//ul/li[contains(@id,"l")]/text()')
# 查询id的值以l开头的li标签
# li_list = tree.xpath('//ul/li[starts-with(@id,"c")]/text()')
#查询id为l1和class为c1的
# li_list = tree.xpath('//ul/li[@id="l1" and @]/text()')
li_list = tree.xpath('//ul/li[@id="l1"]/text() | //ul/li[@id="l2"]/text()')
# 判断列表的长度
print(li_list)
print(len(li_list))

19、爬虫_解析_获取百度网站的百度一下

# （1） 获取网页的源码
# （2） 解析   解析的服务器响应的文件  etree.HTML
# (3)  打印
import urllib.request
url = 'https://www.baidu.com/'
headers = {
    'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/92.0.4515.159 Safari/537.36'
}
# 请求对象的定制
request = urllib.request.Request(url = url,headers = headers)
# 模拟浏览器访问服务器
response = urllib.request.urlopen(request)
# 获取网页源码
content = response.read().decode('utf-8')
# 解析网页源码 来获取我们想要的数据
from lxml import etree
# 解析服务器响应的文件
tree = etree.HTML(content)
# 获取想要的数据  xpath的返回值是一个列表类型的数据
result = tree.xpath('//input[@id="su"]/@value')[0]
print(result)

20、爬虫_解析_站长素材

# (1) 请求对象的定制
# （2）获取网页的源码
# （3）下载
# 需求 下载的前十页的图片
# https://sc.chinaz.com/tupian/qinglvtupian.html   1
# https://sc.chinaz.com/tupian/qinglvtupian_page.html
import urllib.request
from lxml import etree
def create_request(page):
    if(page == 1):
        url = 'https://sc.chinaz.com/tupian/qinglvtupian.html'
    else:
        url = 'https://sc.chinaz.com/tupian/qinglvtupian_' + str(page) + '.html'
    headers = {
        'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/92.0.4515.159 Safari/537.36',
    }
    request = urllib.request.Request(url = url, headers = headers)
    return request
def get_content(request):
    response = urllib.request.urlopen(request)
    content = response.read().decode('utf-8')
    return content
def down_load(content):
#     下载图片
    # urllib.request.urlretrieve('图片地址','文件的名字')
    tree = etree.HTML(content)
    name_list = tree.xpath('//div[@id="container"]//a/img/@alt')
    # 一般设计图片的网站都会进行懒加载
    src_list = tree.xpath('//div[@id="container"]//a/img/@src2')
    for i in range(len(name_list)):
        name = name_list[i]
        src = src_list[i]
        url = 'https:' + src
        urllib.request.urlretrieve(url=url,filename='./loveImg/' + name + '.jpg')

if __name__ == '__main__':
    start_page = int(input('请输入起始页码'))
    end_page = int(input('请输入结束页码'))
    for page in range(start_page,end_page+1):
        # (1) 请求对象的定制
        request = create_request(page)
        # （2）获取网页的源码
        content = get_content(request)
        # （3）下载
        down_load(content)

21、爬虫_解析_jsonpath

{ "store": {
    "book": [
      { "category": "修真",
        "author": "六道",
        "title": "坏蛋是怎样练成的",
        "price": 8.95
      },
      { "category": "修真",
        "author": "天蚕土豆",
        "title": "斗破苍穹",
        "price": 12.99
      },
      { "category": "修真",
        "author": "唐家三少",
        "title": "斗罗大陆",
        "isbn": "0-553-21311-3",
        "price": 8.99
      },
      { "category": "修真",
        "author": "南派三叔",
        "title": "星辰变",
        "isbn": "0-395-19395-8",
        "price": 22.99
      }
    ],
    "bicycle": {
      "author": "老马",
      "color": "黑色",
      "price": 19.95
    }
  }
}

22、爬虫_解析_jsonpath

import json
import jsonpath
obj = json.load(open('爬虫_解析_jsonpath.json','r',encoding='utf-8'))
# 书店所有书的作者
# author_list = jsonpath.jsonpath(obj,'$.store.book[*].author')
# print(author_list)
# 所有的作者
# author_list = jsonpath.jsonpath(obj,'$..author')
# print(author_list)
# store下面的所有的元素
# tag_list = jsonpath.jsonpath(obj,'$.store.*')
# print(tag_list)
# store里面所有东西的price
# price_list = jsonpath.jsonpath(obj,'$.store..price')
# print(price_list)
# 第三个书
# book = jsonpath.jsonpath(obj,'$..book[2]')
# print(book)
# 最后一本书
# book = jsonpath.jsonpath(obj,'$..book[(@.length-1)]')
# print(book)
# 	前面的两本书
# book_list = jsonpath.jsonpath(obj,'$..book[0,1]')
# book_list = jsonpath.jsonpath(obj,'$..book[:2]')
# print(book_list)
# 条件过滤需要在（）的前面添加一个？
# 	 过滤出所有的包含isbn的书。
# book_list = jsonpath.jsonpath(obj,'$..book[?(@.isbn)]')
# print(book_list)
# 哪本书超过了10块钱
book_list = jsonpath.jsonpath(obj,'$..book[?(@.price>10)]')
print(book_list)

23、爬虫_解析_jsonpath解析淘票票

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    # 'accept-encoding': 'gzip, deflate, br',
    'accept-language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.9',
    'cookie': 'cna=UkO6F8VULRwCAXTqq7dbS5A8; miid=949542021157939863; sgcookie=E100F01JK9XMmyoZRigjfmZKExNdRHQqPf4v9NIWIC1nnpnxyNgROLshAf0gz7lGnkKvwCnu1umyfirMSAWtubqc4g%3D%3D; tracknick=action_li; _cc_=UIHiLt3xSw%3D%3D; enc=dA18hg7jG1xapfVGPHoQCAkPQ4as1%2FEUqsG4M6AcAjHFFUM54HWpBv4AAm0MbQgqO%2BiZ5qkUeLIxljrHkOW%2BtQ%3D%3D; hng=CN%7Czh-CN%7CCNY%7C156; thw=cn; _m_h5_tk=3ca69de1b9ad7dce614840fcd015dcdb_1629776735568; _m_h5_tk_enc=ab56df54999d1d2cac2f82753ae29f82; t=874e6ce33295bf6b95cfcfaff0af0db6; xlly_s=1; cookie2=13acd8f4dafac4f7bd2177d6710d60fe; v=0; _tb_token_=e65ebbe536158; tfstk=cGhRB7mNpnxkDmUx7YpDAMNM2gTGZbWLxUZN9U4ulewe025didli6j5AFPI8MEC..; l=eBrgmF1cOsMXqSxaBO5aFurza77tzIRb8sPzaNbMiInca6OdtFt_rNCK2Ns9SdtjgtfFBetPVKlOcRCEF3apbgiMW_N-1NKDSxJ6-; isg=BBoas2yXLzHdGp3pCh7XVmpja8A8S54lyLj1RySTHq14l7vRDNufNAjpZ2MLRxa9',
    'referer': 'https://dianying.taobao.com/',
    'sec-ch-ua': '"Chromium";v="92", " Not A;Brand";v="99", "Google Chrome";v="92"',
    'sec-ch-ua-mobile': '?0',
    'sec-fetch-dest': 'empty',
    'sec-fetch-mode': 'cors',
    'sec-fetch-site': 'same-origin',
    'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/92.0.4515.159 Safari/537.36',
    'x-requested-with': 'XMLHttpRequest',
}
request = urllib.request.Request(url = url, headers = headers)
response = urllib.request.urlopen(request)
content = response.read().decode('utf-8')
# split 切割
content = content.split('(')[1].split(')')[0]
with open('爬虫_解析_jsonpath解析淘票票.json','w',encoding='utf-8')as fp:
    fp.write(content)
import json
import jsonpath
obj = json.load(open('爬虫_解析_jsonpath解析淘票票.json','r',encoding='utf-8'))
city_list = jsonpath.jsonpath(obj,'$..regionName')
print(city_list)

25、爬虫_解析_bs4的基本使用




    
    Title


    

        
    
            
  • 张三
    • 
            
  • 李四
    • 
            
  • 王五
    • 
            123
            嘿嘿嘿
        

    

    百度
    

        
            哈哈哈
        
    

    
呵呵呵

26、爬虫_解析_bs4的基本使用

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
# 通过解析本地文件 来将bs4的基础语法进行讲解
# 默认打开的文件的编码格式是gbk 所以在打开文件的时候需要指定编码
soup = BeautifulSoup(open('爬虫_解析_bs4的基本使用.html',encoding='utf-8'),'lxml')
# 根据标签名查找节点
# 找到的是第一个符合条件的数据
# print(soup.a)
# 获取标签的属性和属性值
# print(soup.a.attrs)
# bs4的一些函数
# （1）find
# 返回的是第一个符合条件的数据
# print(soup.find('a'))
# 根据title的值来找到对应的标签对象
# print(soup.find('a',title="a2"))
# 根据class的值来找到对应的标签对象  注意的是class需要添加下划线
# print(soup.find('a',class_="a1"))
# （2）find_all  返回的是一个列表 并且返回了所有的a标签
# print(soup.find_all('a'))
# 如果想获取的是多个标签的数据 那么需要在find_all的参数中添加的是列表的数据
# print(soup.find_all(['a','span']))
# limit的作用是查找前几个数据
# print(soup.find_all('li',limit=2))
# （3）select（推荐）
# select方法返回的是一个列表  并且会返回多个数据
# print(soup.select('a'))
# 可以通过.代表class  我们把这种操作叫做类选择器
# print(soup.select('.a1'))
# print(soup.select('#l1'))
# 属性选择器---通过属性来寻找对应的标签
# 查找到li标签中有id的标签
# print(soup.select('li[id]'))
# 查找到li标签中id为l2的标签
# print(soup.select('li[id="l2"]'))
# 层级选择器
#  后代选择器
# 找到的是div下面的li
# print(soup.select('div li'))
# 子代选择器
#  某标签的第一级子标签
# 注意：很多的计算机编程语言中 如果不加空格不会输出内容  但是在bs4中 不会报错 会显示内容
# print(soup.select('div > ul > li'))
# 找到a标签和li标签的所有的对象
# print(soup.select('a,li'))
# 节点信息
#    获取节点内容
# obj = soup.select('#d1')[0]
# 如果标签对象中 只有内容 那么string和get_text()都可以使用
# 如果标签对象中 除了内容还有标签 那么string就获取不到数据 而get_text()是可以获取数据
# 我们一般情况下  推荐使用get_text()
# print(obj.string)
# print(obj.get_text())
# 节点的属性
# obj = soup.select('#p1')[0]
# name是标签的名字
# print(obj.name)
# 将属性值左右一个字典返回
# print(obj.attrs)
# 获取节点的属性
obj = soup.select('#p1')[0]
print(obj.attrs.get('class'))
print(obj.get('class'))
print(obj['class'])

27、爬虫_解析_bs4爬取星巴克数据

import urllib.request
url = 'https://www.starbucks.com.cn/menu/'
response = urllib.request.urlopen(url)
content = response.read().decode('utf-8')
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
soup = BeautifulSoup(content,'lxml')
# //ul[@]//strong/text()
name_list = soup.select('ul[] strong')
for name in name_list:
    print(name.get_text())

28、爬虫_selenium_为什么要学习selenium

import urllib.request
url = 'https://www.jd.com/'
response = urllib.request.urlopen(url)
content = response.read().decode('utf-8')
print(content)

29、爬虫_selenium_基本使用

# （1）导入selenium
from selenium import webdriver
# (2) 创建浏览器操作对象
path = 'chromedriver.exe'
browser = webdriver.Chrome(path)
# （3）访问网站
# url = 'https://www.baidu.com'
#
# browser.get(url)
url = 'https://www.jd.com/'
browser.get(url)
# page_source获取网页源码
content = browser.page_source
print(content)

30、爬虫_selenium_元素定位

from selenium import webdriver
path = 'chromedriver.exe'
browser = webdriver.Chrome(path)
url = 'https://www.baidu.com'
browser.get(url)
# 元素定位
# 根据id来找到对象
# button = browser.find_element_by_id('su')
# print(button)
# 根据标签属性的属性值来获取对象的
# button = browser.find_element_by_name('wd')
# print(button)
# 根据xpath语句来获取对象
# button = browser.find_elements_by_xpath('//input[@id="su"]')
# print(button)
# 根据标签的名字来获取对象
# button = browser.find_elements_by_tag_name('input')
# print(button)
# 使用的bs4的语法来获取对象
# button = browser.find_elements_by_css_selector('#su')
# print(button)
# button = browser.find_element_by_link_text('直播')
# print(button)

31、爬虫_selenium_元素信息

from selenium import webdriver
path = 'chromedriver.exe'
browser = webdriver.Chrome(path)
url = 'http://www.baidu.com'
browser.get(url)
input = browser.find_element_by_id('su')
# 获取标签的属性
print(input.get_attribute('class'))
# 获取标签的名字
print(input.tag_name)
# 获取元素文本
a = browser.find_element_by_link_text('新闻')
print(a.text)

32、爬虫_selenium_交互

from selenium import webdriver
# 创建浏览器对象
path = 'chromedriver.exe'
browser = webdriver.Chrome(path)
# url
url = 'https://www.baidu.com'
browser.get(url)
import time
time.sleep(2)
# 获取文本框的对象
input = browser.find_element_by_id('kw')
# 在文本框中输入周杰伦
input.send_keys('周杰伦')
time.sleep(2)
# 获取百度一下的按钮
button = browser.find_element_by_id('su')
# 点击按钮
button.click()
time.sleep(2)
# 滑到底部
js_bottom = 'document.documentElement.scrollTop=100000'
browser.execute_script(js_bottom)
time.sleep(2)
# 获取下一页的按钮
next = browser.find_element_by_xpath('//a[@]')
# 点击下一页
next.click()
time.sleep(2)
# 回到上一页
browser.back()
time.sleep(2)
# 回去
browser.forward()
time.sleep(3)
# 退出
browser.quit()

33、爬虫_selenium_phantomjs的基本使用

from selenium import webdriver
path = 'phantomjs.exe'
browser = webdriver.PhantomJS(path)
url = 'https://www.baidu.com'
browser.get(url)
browser.save_screenshot('baidu.png')
import time
time.sleep(2)
input = browser.find_element_by_id('kw')
input.send_keys('昆凌')
time.sleep(3)
browser.save_screenshot('kunling.png')

34、爬虫_selenium_handless

# from selenium import webdriver
# from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
#
# chrome_options = Options()
# chrome_options.add_argument('--headless')
# chrome_options.add_argument('--disable-gpu')
#
# # path是你自己的chrome浏览器的文件路径
# path = r'C:\Program Files (x86)\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe'
# chrome_options.binary_location = path
#
# browser = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=chrome_options)
#
#
# url = 'https://www.baidu.com'
#
# browser.get(url)
#
# browser.save_screenshot('baidu.png')
# 封装的handless
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
def share_browser():
    chrome_options = Options()
    chrome_options.add_argument('--headless')
    chrome_options.add_argument('--disable-gpu')
    # path是你自己的chrome浏览器的文件路径
    path = r'C:\Program Files (x86)\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe'
    chrome_options.binary_location = path
    browser = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=chrome_options)
    return browser
browser = share_browser()
url = 'https://www.baidu.com'
browser.get(url)

35、爬虫_requests_基本使用

import requests
url = 'http://www.baidu.com'
response = requests.get(url=url)
# 一个类型和六个属性
# Response类型
# print(type(response))
# 设置响应的编码格式
# response.encoding = 'utf-8'
# 以字符串的形式来返回了网页的源码
# print(response.text)
# 返回一个url地址
# print(response.url)
# 返回的是二进制的数据
# print(response.content)
# 返回响应的状态码
# print(response.status_code)
# 返回的是响应头
print(response.headers)

36、爬虫_requests_get请求

# urllib
# (1) 一个类型以及六个方法
# （2）get请求
# （3）post请求   百度翻译
# （4）ajax的get请求
# （5）ajax的post请求
# （6）cookie登陆 微博
# （7）代理
# requests
# (1)一个类型以及六个属性
# （2）get请求
# （3）post请求
# （4）代理
# （5）cookie  验证码
import requests
url = 'https://www.baidu.com/s'
headers = {
    'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/92.0.4515.159 Safari/537.36'
}
data = {
    'wd':'北京'
}
# url  请求资源路径
# params 参数
# kwargs 字典
response = requests.get(url=url,params=data,headers=headers)
content = response.text
print(content)
# 总结：
# （1）参数使用params传递
# （2）参数无需urlencode编码
# （3）不需要请求对象的定制
# （4）请求资源路径中的？可以加也可以不加

37、爬虫_requests_post请求

import requests
url = 'https://fanyi.baidu.com/sug'
headers = {
    'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/92.0.4515.159 Safari/537.36'
}
data = {
    'kw': 'eye'
}
# url 请求地址
# data 请求参数
# kwargs 字典
response = requests.post(url=url,data=data,headers=headers)
content =response.text
import json
obj = json.loads(content,encoding='utf-8')
print(obj)
# 总结：
# （1）post请求 是不需要编解码
# （2）post请求的参数是data
# （3）不需要请求对象的定制

38、爬虫_requests_代理

import requests
url = 'http://www.baidu.com/s?'
headers = {
    'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/92.0.4515.159 Safari/537.36',
}
data = {
    'wd':'ip'
}
proxy = {
    'http':'212.129.251.55:16816'
}
response = requests.get(url = url,params=data,headers = headers,proxies = proxy)
content = response.text
with open('daili.html','w',encoding='utf-8')as fp:
    fp.write(content)

39、爬虫_requests_cookie登陆古诗文网

# 通过登陆  然后进入到主页面
# 通过找登陆接口我们发现 登陆的时候需要的参数很多
# _VIEWSTATE: /m1O5dxmOo7f1qlmvtnyNyhhaUrWNVTs3TMKIsm1lvpIgs0WWWUCQHl5iMrvLlwnsqLUN6Wh1aNpitc4WnOt0So3k6UYdFyqCPI6jWSvC8yBA1Q39I7uuR4NjGo=
# __VIEWSTATEGENERATOR: C93BE1AE
# from: http://so.gushiwen.cn/user/collect.aspx
# email: 595165358@qq.com
# pwd: action
# code: PId7
# denglu: 登录
# 我们观察到_VIEWSTATE   __VIEWSTATEGENERATOR  code是一个可以变化的量
# 难点:(1)_VIEWSTATE   __VIEWSTATEGENERATOR  一般情况看不到的数据 都是在页面的源码中
#     我们观察到这两个数据在页面的源码中 所以我们需要获取页面的源码 然后进行解析就可以获取了
#     (2)验证码
import requests
# 这是登陆页面的url地址
url = 'https://so.gushiwen.cn/user/login.aspx?from=http://so.gushiwen.cn/user/collect.aspx'
headers = {
    'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/92.0.4515.159 Safari/537.36'
}
# 获取页面的源码
response = requests.get(url = url,headers = headers)
content = response.text
# 解析页面源码  然后获取_VIEWSTATE   __VIEWSTATEGENERATOR
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
soup = BeautifulSoup(content,'lxml')
# 获取_VIEWSTATE
viewstate = soup.select('#__VIEWSTATE')[0].attrs.get('value')
# 获取__VIEWSTATEGENERATOR
viewstategenerator = soup.select('#__VIEWSTATEGENERATOR')[0].attrs.get('value')
# 获取验证码图片
code = soup.select('#imgCode')[0].attrs.get('src')
code_url = 'https://so.gushiwen.cn' + code
# 有坑
# import urllib.request
# urllib.request.urlretrieve(url=code_url,filename='code.jpg')
# requests里面有一个方法 session（）  通过session的返回值 就能使用请求变成一个对象
session = requests.session()
# 验证码的url的内容
response_code = session.get(code_url)
# 注意此时要使用二进制数据  因为我们要使用的是图片的下载
content_code = response_code.content
# wb的模式就是将二进制数据写入到文件
with open('code.jpg','wb')as fp:
    fp.write(content_code)

# 获取了验证码的图片之后 下载到本地 然后观察验证码  观察之后 然后在控制台输入这个验证码 就可以将这个值给
# code的参数 就可以登陆
code_name = input('请输入你的验证码')
# 点击登陆
url_post = 'https://so.gushiwen.cn/user/login.aspx?from=http%3a%2f%2fso.gushiwen.cn%2fuser%2fcollect.aspx'
data_post = {
    '__VIEWSTATE': viewstate,
    '__VIEWSTATEGENERATOR': viewstategenerator,
    'from': 'http://so.gushiwen.cn/user/collect.aspx',
    'email': '595165358@qq.com',
    'pwd': '.....',
    'code': code_name,
    'denglu': '登录',
}
response_post = session.post(url = url, headers = headers, data = data_post)
content_post = response_post.text
with open('gushiwen.html','w',encoding= ' utf-8')as fp:
    fp.write(content_post)
# 难点
# （1） 隐藏域
# （2） 验证码

40、爬虫_requests_超级鹰打码平台的使用

#!/usr/bin/env python
# coding:utf-8
import requests
from hashlib import md5
class Chaojiying_Client(object):
    def __init__(self, username, password, soft_id):
        self.username = username
        password =  password.encode('utf8')
        self.password = md5(password).hexdigest()
        self.soft_id = soft_id
        self.base_params = {
            'user': self.username,
            'pass2': self.password,
            'softid': self.soft_id,
        }
        self.headers = {
            'Connection': 'Keep-Alive',
            'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0)',
        }
    def PostPic(self, im, codetype):
        """
        im: 图片字节
        codetype: 题目类型 参考 http://www.chaojiying.com/price.html
        """
        params = {
            'codetype': codetype,
        }
        params.update(self.base_params)
        files = {'userfile': ('ccc.jpg', im)}
        r = requests.post('http://upload.chaojiying.net/Upload/Processing.php', data=params, files=files, headers=self.headers)
        return r.json()
    def ReportError(self, im_id):
        """
        im_id:报错题目的图片ID
        """
        params = {
            'id': im_id,
        }
        params.update(self.base_params)
        r = requests.post('http://upload.chaojiying.net/Upload/ReportError.php', data=params, headers=self.headers)
        return r.json()
if __name__ == '__main__':
	chaojiying = Chaojiying_Client('超级鹰用户名', '超级鹰用户名的密码', '96001')	#用户中心>>软件ID 生成一个替换 96001
	im = open('a.jpg', 'rb').read()													#本地图片文件路径 来替换 a.jpg 有时WIN系统须要//
	print(chaojiying.PostPic(im, 1902))											#1902 验证码类型  官方网站>>价格体系 3.4+版 print 后要加()

41、爬虫_scrapy_安装

# （1） pip install scrapy
# (2) 报错1： building 'twisted.test.raiser' extension
#              error: Microsoft Visual C++ 14.0 is required. Get it with "Microsoft Visual C++
#              Build Tools": http://landinghub.visualstudio.com/visual-cpp-build-tools
#     解决1
#       http://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/pythonlibs/#twisted
#       Twisted‑20.3.0‑cp37‑cp37m‑win_amd64.whl
#       cp是你的python版本
#       amd是你的操作系统的版本
#       下载完成之后 使用pip install twisted的路径  安装
#       切记安装完twisted 再次安装scrapy
# （3） 报错2  提示python -m pip install --upgrade pip
#      解决2   运行python -m pip install --upgrade pip
# （4） 报错3   win32的错误
#      解决3   pip install pypiwin32
# （5） anaconda

42、爬虫_scrapy_scrapyshell

# 进入到scrapy shell的终端  直接在window的终端中输入scrapy shell 域名
# 如果想看到一些高亮 或者 自动补全  那么可以安装ipython  pip install ipython
# scrapy shell www.baidu.com

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