Prometheus+Grafana普罗米修斯搭建+监控MySQL

一，Prometheus

1.什么是Prometheus？

​ Prometheus 是 Cloud Native Computing Foundation 的一个监控系统项目, 集采集、监控、报警等特点于一体。

​ Prometheus主要受启发于Google的Brogmon监控系统， 从2012年开始由前Google工程师在Soundcloud以开源软件的形式进行研发，2017年底发布了基于全新存储层的2.0版本，当前最新版本是2.44.0版本。

2.Prometheus架构

3.prometheus具有那些特点？

• 多维数据模型（由指标名称、键/值组合的时间序列）;
• 提供了一种强大而灵活的查询语言promsql;
• 没有对分布式存储的依赖，单个服务器节点是自主的;
• 主要支持时间序列集合的HTTP拉模模型，同时也提供PushGateway来满足；
• 服务发现；
• 自带UI，支持丰富多种图形和仪表板，还能与其他;
• 支持分层和水平联合；

  二，Prometheus搭建

  IP	角色
  192.168.2.4	prometheus服务器端
  192.168.2.3	node_exporter客户端

  1.二进制安装Prometheus

  [root@server ~]# wget https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/releases/download/v2.44.0/prometheus-2.44.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
  [root@server ~]# tar zxf prometheus-2.44.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
  [root@server ~]# mv prometheus-2.44.0.linux-amd64 /usr/local/prometheus
  

  1.查看版本号

  [root@server ~]# cd /usr/local/prometheus/
  [root@server prometheus]# ./prometheus --version
  prometheus, version 2.44.0 (branch: HEAD, revision: 1ac5131f698ebc60f13fe2727f89b115a41f6558)
    build user:       root@739e8181c5db
    build date:       20230514-06:18:11
    go version:       go1.20.4
    platform:         linux/amd64
    tags:             netgo,builtinassets,stringlabels
  

  2.查看帮助文档

  [root@server prometheus]# ./prometheus --help
  

  2.prometheus.yml配置解释

  # my global config
  global:
    # 默认情况下，每15s拉取一次目标采样点数据。
    scrape_interval:     15s # Set the scrape interval to every 15 seconds. Default is every 1 minute.
    # 每15秒评估一次规则。默认值为每1分钟。
    evaluation_interval: 15s # Evaluate rules every 15 seconds. The default is every 1 minute.
    # scrape_timeout is set to the global default (10s).
  # Alertmanager configuration
  alerting:
    alertmanagers:
    - static_configs:
      - targets:
        # - alertmanager:9093
  # Load rules once and periodically evaluate them according to the global 'evaluation_interval'.
  rule_files:
    # - "first_rules.yml"
    # - "second_rules.yml"
  # A scrape configuration containing exactly one endpoint to scrape:
  # Here it's Prometheus itself.
  scrape_configs:
    # job名称会增加到拉取到的所有采样点上，同时还有一个instance目标服务的host：port标签也会增加到采样点上
    - job_name: 'prometheus'
      # 覆盖global的采样点，拉取时间间隔5s
      scrape_interval: 5s
      static_configs:
      - targets: ['localhost:9090']
  

  3.升级为系统服务

  # 启动服务
  cd /usr/lib/systemd/system
  vi prometheus.service
  [Unit]
    Description=https://prometheus.io
    
    [Service]
    Restart=on-failure
    ExecStart=/usr/local/prometheus/prometheus --config.file=/usr/local/prometheus/prometheus.yml --web.listen-address=:9090
    [Install]                      
    WantedBy=multi-user.target
  #保存退出
  

  其他选项解释：

  常用选项解释：
  # 指定配置文件
  --config.file="prometheus.yml"
  # 默认指定监听地址端口，可修改端口
  --web.listen-address="0.0.0.0:9090" 
  # 最大连接数
  --web.max-connections=512
  # tsdb数据存储的目录，默认当前data/
  --storage.tsdb.path="data/"
  # premetheus 存储数据的时间，默认保存15天
  --storage.tsdb.retention=15d 
  # 通过命令热加载无需重启 curl -XPOST 192.168.2.45:9090/-/reload
  --web.enable-lifecycle
  # 可以启用 TLS 或 身份验证 的配置文件的路径
  --web.config.file=""
  启动选项了解：./prometheus --help
  

  4.刷新system文件，启动

  systemctl daemon-reload
  systemctl start prometheus
  

  5.访问测试

  IP:9090

  

  三，客户端node_exporter搭建

  1.监控目的Linux安装node_exporter

  [root@server ~]# wget https://github.com/prometheus/node_exporter/releases/download/v1.1.2/node_exporter-1.1.2.linux-amd64.tar.gz
  [root@server ~]# tar xf node_exporter-1.1.2.linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
  [root@server ~]# cd /usr/local/
  [root@server ~]# mv node_exporter-1.1.2.linux-amd64/ node_exporter
  

  2.添加为系统服务

  [root@server ~]# vi /usr/lib/systemd/system/node_exporter.service
  [Unit]
  Description=node_exporter
  After=network.target 
  [Service]
  ExecStart=/usr/local/node_exporter/node_exporter
  Restart=on-failure
  [Install]
  WantedBy=multi-user.target
  # 启动node_exporter
  systemctl daemon-reload
  systemctl start node_exporter
  

  3.prometheus服务器端添加监控项

  [root@server prometheus]# cat prometheus.yml 
  # my global config
  global:
    scrape_interval:     15s # Set the scrape interval to every 15 seconds. Default is every 1 minute.
    evaluation_interval: 15s # Evaluate rules every 15 seconds. The default is every 1 minute.
    # scrape_timeout is set to the global default (10s).
  # Alertmanager configuration
  alerting:
    alertmanagers:
    - static_configs:
      - targets:
        # - alertmanager:9093
  # Load rules once and periodically evaluate them according to the global 'evaluation_interval'.
  rule_files:
  scrape_configs:
    - job_name: 'prometheus'
      static_configs:
      - targets: ['192.168.2.4:9090']
    - job_name: 'linux'
      static_configs:
      - targets: ['192.168.2.4:9100','192.168.2.3:9100'] # 多个用,分开
  # 添加上面三行
  

  4.重启系统普罗米修斯

  [root@server ~]#  systemctl restart prometheus.service
  

  5.监控界面

  

  四，监控MySQL

  1.安装mysqld-exporter

  [root@VM_2-44 ~]# wget https://github.com/prometheus/mysqld_exporter/releases/download/v0.12.1/mysqld_exporter-0.12.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz
  [root@VM_2-44 ~]# tar xf mysqld_exporter-0.12.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
  [root@VM_2-44 /usr/local]# mv mysqld_exporter-0.12.1.linux-amd64 mysqld_exporter
  [root@VM_2-44 /usr/local/mysqld_exporter]# vi .my.cnf
  [client]
  host=192.168.2.3
  user=root
  password=123456
  port=3306
  

  2.启动mysqld-exporter服务

  [root@VM_2-44 /usr/local/mysqld_exporter]# ./mysqld_exporter --config.my-cnf="/usr/local/mysqld_exporter/.my.cnf" &
  [root@VM_2-44 /usr/local/mysqld_exporter]# ps -ef |grep exporter
  root       3447   3398  0 01:31 pts/1    00:00:02 ./node_exporter
  root       4647   3398  0 02:13 pts/1    00:00:00 ./mysqld_exporter --config.my-cnf=/usr/local/mysqld_exporter/.my.cnf
  root       4654   3398  0 02:13 pts/1    00:00:00 grep --color=auto exporter
  [root@VM_2-44 /usr/local/mysqld_exporter]# ss -lntp |grep 4647
  LISTEN     0      128         :::9104                    :::*                   users:(("mysqld_exporter",pid=4647,fd=3))
  [root@VM_2-44 /usr/local/mysqld_exporter]# 
  # 启动后会监听9104端口
  

  3.普罗米修斯配置文件添加监控项

  [root@VM_2-45 /usr/local/prometheus]# vi prometheus.yml 
    - job_name: 'mysql'
      static_configs:
      - targets: ['192.168.2.3:9104']
  

  4.重启普罗米修斯

  [root@VM_2-45 /usr/local/prometheus]# systemctl restart prometheus.service
  

  5.查看状态

  

  五，grafana展示prometheus数据

  1.在prometheus安装grafana

  wget https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/grafana/yum/rpm/Packages/grafana-7.4.3-1.x86_64.rpm
  [root@VM_2-45 ~]# yum install initscripts fontconfig
  [root@VM_2-45 ~]# yum install -y grafana-7.4.3-1.x86_64.rpm
  [root@VM_2-45 ~]# systemctl start grafana-server.service 
  

  2.访问grafana

  启动后访问地址：ip:3000
  初始用户名和密码都是admin
  

  

  3.添加Prometheus数据源

  Configuration -> Data Sources ->add data source -> Prometheus
  

  

  ​ 添加prometheus服务器

  

  4.添加dashboard Linux基础数据展示

  

  ​ 导入模板8919

  

  ​ 选择数据源

  

  5.查看dashboard

  Dashboards ->Manage
  

  

  六，grafana展示MySQL信息

  1.设置数据源

  Configuration -> Data Sources ->add data source -> MySQL
  

  

  2.数据库上授权用户

  

  3.导入下载的dashboard，数据源现在刚刚创建的

  https://pan.baidu.com/s/1GBzogDLsYS3IvwH4WbdPLw 提取码：ef6e
  

  

  4.查看效果